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<title>Teorie, metodologie e applicazioni avanzate per la comunicazione, l'informatica e la fisica</title>
<link href="http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/898" rel="alternate"/>
<subtitle/>
<id>http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/898</id>
<updated>2026-04-20T10:54:17Z</updated>
<dc:date>2026-04-20T10:54:17Z</dc:date>
<entry>
<title>Fabrication of graphene based devices and study of their electrical and optical properties</title>
<link href="http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2443" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Santandrea, Salvatore</name>
</author>
<id>http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2443</id>
<updated>2025-04-30T14:42:23Z</updated>
<published>2013-05-13T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">Fabrication of graphene based devices and study of their electrical and optical properties
Santandrea, Salvatore
This work is dedicated to investigate the unique and excellent electrical and optical properties of graphene, through the fabrication and experimental study of several graphene based devices. Particular attention is paid to the details of all stages of the fabrication process which might have an effect on the properties of the final product. It also describes the characterization of graphene transistor structures, as well as experimental studies of charge transport.
I focused part of my research on optoelectronics and plasmonics of nanomaterials, in particular, I carried on a research that matched graphene and Plasmonics, the goal was to assess how the plasmonic response of metallic nanoparticles is modified by the presence of a graphene substrate, with results that could be very attractive as a starting point for the future optoelectronics applications.
This is how the thesis is planned: in the Chapter 2 I present a brief theoretical overview on the structural, electronic and optical properties of graphene.
In Chapter 3, I present the methods used for sample preparation, investigation of graphene flakes and the measurement setup. In particular, the identification of graphene is a very delicate step and involves the use of multiple techniques that complement each other. It is extremely difficult to find small graphene crystallites in the “haystack” of millions of thicker graphitic flakes. Thus, the identification is made by combining two or more of the following techniques: optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and the calculation of the contrast to give raise the best visibility.
The next, Chapter 4, is dedicated to the study of graphene based devices and their related features.
First, I fabricated 2D graphene FETs (GFETs) and explored several device designs to analyze transfer characteristic, mobility, and the influence of the contacts on the overall conductance.
The contacts between graphene and metal electrodes can significantly affect the electronic transport and limit or impede the full exploitation of the graphene intrinsic properties. In this context I investigated the contact resistance on mono- and bi-layer
graphene sheets by fabricating structures suitable for transfer length method measurements with Ni and Ti metals. We also observed anomalies in GFET transfer characteristics, namely double dips, and here I present a work in which the origin of double dips in the transfer characteristics of GFET devices is explained.
In Chapter 5, I performed the characterization of Field Emission properties of several mono and bi layer graphene samples. I report the observation and characterization of field emission current from individual single- and few-layer graphene flakes laid on a flat SiO2/Si substrate. Measurements were performed in a scanning electron microscope chamber equipped with nanoprobes which allowed local measurement of the field emission current finding that the emission process is stable over a period of several hours and that it is well described by a Fowler–Nordheim model for currents over five orders of magnitude.
In the last Chapter 6, I present an exploration of the potential that electromagnetic surface waves known as surface plasmons may have in building both photonic elements and a new photonics technology based on nanostructured metals. I report results from an investigation into the plasmonic properties of metallic nanoparticles supported by substrates made of graphene, in order to extract information of its optical properties.
In summary: the main accomplishments of this work are to:
a) The Set-up of a routine procedure to identify graphene samples and make their morphological characterization.
b) The fabrication of graphene based electronic devices, like graphene field effect transistors and non-volatile memories.
c) The Study of the influence of different metal contact on the overall conductance, and the investigation of anomalies in GFET.
d) The investigation of quantum tunneling phenomenon in graphene.
e) The investigation of graphene as a substrate for plasmonics particles.
These results will be presented in due course. [edited by Author]
2011 - 2012
</summary>
<dc:date>2013-05-13T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Multi-word unit processing in machine translation. Developing and using language resources for multi-word unit processing in machine translation</title>
<link href="http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2042" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Monti, Johanna</name>
</author>
<id>http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2042</id>
<updated>2025-04-30T14:27:29Z</updated>
<published>2015-04-24T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">Multi-word unit processing in machine translation. Developing and using language resources for multi-word unit processing in machine translation
Monti, Johanna
La Traduzione Automatica si è evoluta insieme alle diverse tipologie di applicazioni di Traduzione Assistita e sono stati raggiunti notevoli progressi nel miglioramento della qualità delle traduzioni prodotte da questi sistemi.
Tuttavia, nonostante i recenti sviluppi positivi nell’ambito delle tecnologie per la traduzione, non tutti i problemi sono stati risolti ed in particolare l’identificazione, interpretazione e traduzione delle cosiddette polirematiche, ovvero di quegli elementi lessicali costituiti da più di una parola come ad esempio anima gemella, carta di credito, acqua e sapone, che hanno una particolare coesione strutturale e semantica interna, rappresenta ancora una sfida aperta, sia da un punto di vista teorico che pratico.
La scadente qualità dell’analisi e traduzione di queste unità lessicali nell’ambito delle tecnologie per la traduzione ed in particolare della traduzione automatica indica che c’è la ancora la necessità di investire in ulteriore ricerca allo scopo di migliorare le prestazioni delle diverse applicazioni per la traduzione.
Le polirematiche rappresentano un fenomeno linguistico complesso, che spazia da unità lessicali con una relativa variabilità di co-occorrenza delle parole a espressioni fisse o semi-fisse. Tali unità sono molto frequenti sia nel linguaggio di tutti i giorni che nelle lingue per scopi speciali. La loro interpretazione e traduzione presenta talvolta ostacoli inaspettati anche per i traduttori umani, soprattutto a causa di intrinseche ambiguità, di asimmetrie strutturali e lessicali tra lingue ed infine di differenze culturali.
Un approccio efficace al problema deve tener conto dei seguenti aspetti: (i) le polirematiche hanno diversi gradi di composizionalità e, in diversi casi, significati opachi; (ii) la traduzione delle polirematiche è talvolta imprevedibile e una traduzione parola-per-parola può produrre gravi errori; infine, (iii) le loro proprietà morfosintattiche consentono, in alcuni casi, un certo numero di variazioni formali con la possibilità di dipendenze di elementi anche se distanti tra loro all’interno di una frase.
Le attuali tendenze teoriche su questo argomento riguardano tecniche e formalismi diversi, rilevanti per il trattamento delle polirematiche in traduzione automatica, così come anche per altre applicazioni per la traduzione, come ad esempio: il riconoscimento automatico delle polirematiche in contesti monolingui e bilingui, metodologie di allineamento e parafrasi, sviluppo e usabilità di risorse linguistiche monolingui e bilingui e grammatiche sviluppate manualmente; uso delle polirematiche nella traduzione automatica di tipo statistico per scopi di adattamento al dominio, così come ricerche di tipo empirico che riguardano l’accuratezza del modello e l’adeguatezza descrittiva tra varie lingue.
A livello pratico, la questione delle polirematiche è stata affrontata nell’ambito dei diversi approcci alla traduzione automatica: si tratta infatti di una questione di cruciale importanza sia per i sistemi basati su conoscenze, sia per quelli di tipo statistico (word-based, phrase-based o factored-based) nonché per i nuovi sistemi ibridi.
Benché la traduzione delle polirematiche sia un problema noto fin dagli albori della traduzione automatica, rimane ancora irrisolto e dunque la ricerca su questo argomento è suscettibile ancora di possibili significativi miglioramenti.
Recentemente si registra una crescente attenzione verso il trattamento delle polirematiche nell’ambito della traduzione automatica e delle tecnologie per la traduzione, essendo stato riconosciuto che non è possibile sviluppare applicazioni su vasta scala senza affrontare in maniera adeguata questo problema.
La presente dissertazione, basata sui principi teorici e metodologici della teoria del Lessico-Grammatica, si propone di analizzare quest’area critica della traduzione automatica e presenta un lavoro di ricerca fondato su un’analisi linguistica contrastiva inglese-italiano relativa ai diversi tipi di polirematiche, confrontando i diversi approcci utilizzati per risolvere le difficoltà poste dal trattamento di questo particolare fenomeno lessicale in traduzione automatica.
Il risultato di questa ricerca è rappresentato dallo sviluppo di una strategia di trattamento computazionale delle diverse forme di polirematiche che utilizza fondamentalmente due diversi tipi di risorse: un dizionario bilingue Inglese-Italiano delle polirematiche e un insieme di grammatiche locali per l’identificazione e la traduzione delle stesse.
Tutte le informazioni linguistiche sono state sviluppate con l’ambiente per il Trattamento Automatico del Linguaggio (TAL) NooJ NLP. [a cura dell'Autore]
2011 - 2012
</summary>
<dc:date>2015-04-24T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>Social web e generazioni: identità, relazione e comunicazione tra online e offline</title>
<link href="http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2033" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>Napoli, Antonella</name>
</author>
<id>http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2033</id>
<updated>2025-04-30T14:44:46Z</updated>
<published>2015-04-24T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">Social web e generazioni: identità, relazione e comunicazione tra online e offline
Napoli, Antonella
The aim of this research work is to present the results of a research project which investigates the social media use among four different generational cohorts – Baby Boomers, X Generation, Y Generation, Z Generation. Within a generational approach publics were analyzed in their peer-to-peer relationships and cross-generational implications. Across an ethnographic approach focus groups were conducted by means of age and gender variables. The emergencies highlight the changes among the generational publics in relation to three main categories: reflexivity, concerning topics such as the awareness and meta-communicative competence in understanding social practices and relationships, the self-narration, the digital intimacy; the category of space, concerning topics such as the 'space' and the sharing of social media in intergenerational relationships online and offline plus the individual’s own 'position' in the generational space and the memory one, concerning memory repertories and generational we sense topics. Particularly investigated was the re-configuration of identity in its generational aspects especially regarding the adults cohorts. [edited by Author]
2011 - 2012
</summary>
<dc:date>2015-04-24T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>“Rumour has it…”. La comunicazione informale nel sistema economico: dal buzz marketing all’aggiotaggio</title>
<link href="http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2027" rel="alternate"/>
<author>
<name>D'Antonio, Tommaso</name>
</author>
<id>http://elea.unisa.it/xmlui/handle/10556/2027</id>
<updated>2025-04-30T14:54:25Z</updated>
<published>2015-05-07T00:00:00Z</published>
<summary type="text">“Rumour has it…”. La comunicazione informale nel sistema economico: dal buzz marketing all’aggiotaggio
D'Antonio, Tommaso
In contrast to the persuasiveness of a public discourse, or with the universal vocation of journalism, the gossip (always underestimated, ignored or even despised for being informal and petty act) should be thought of as an important field of communication, some of the oldest and popular background of the communications.
What that too often trying to hide is the collective and structured dimension of rumor: it is considered as an individual occasional speech, equipped with a distinctive topic ("unimportant arguments ") and with a several bad intentions ("hard" or even "wicked") and sociologists ignore the social importance its spreads.
Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers and linguists (as Einstein, Heidegger, Umberto Eco and Primo Levi) are committed, since many years, to find the key of this universal phenomenon.
The gossipy chatter is an expression that coexists with other social forms of community and, if once were the weapon of women, excluded from power, today circulating freely in every corner of life, amplified and multiplied thanks to the new means of communication.
Obviously, even in the economic system, informal communication plays a key role, because the stakes are so numerous that is impossible that in the business plan strategies and in those communicative even gossip fit in.
The informations transfer from mouth to mouth is the sale of media. It is through a direct face to face that customers and suppliers communicate with each other.
Each "visit" of a seller to one of its customers is an opportunity to doubt the reliability of competing brands or to consolidate their trust relationship with the interested.
In Stock Exchange, however, we talk about rumors instead of leaked out rumours that may anticipate any decisions or operations of a Company. It's easy to understand how such information can influence the choices of investors changing, consequently the entire economic environment. [edited by Author]
2011 - 2012
</summary>
<dc:date>2015-05-07T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
</entry>
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