¿Contranarrativa del trauma? Análisis discursivo de la defensa en los procesos por violaciones a los derechos humanos en Chile (1993-2023)

Abstract

In the 1990s, Chile, no longer under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, began to settle accounts with its recent past. The literary space in which the traumas were inscribed both by survivors who remained in the country and by exiles widened towards the edges of the law. For instance, the report of the National Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1991), thanks to the testimony of thousands of people, set forth a series of unlawful acts, although without determining criminal liability. Following a study of the trials for human rights violations held between 1993 and 2023, this work provides a critical approach to the discourse of the defenses and which, from our perspective, constitutes a counter-narrative of trauma that follows a triumphalist line, all with the purpose of exploring critically the beyond of the «banality of evil».