Il dono degli dèi. Indagine su Filebo 14a-17a

Abstract

The present study is motivated by the interest for the famous and complex section of the Philebus which alludes to the so-called gift of the gods, consisting in the revelation that "the things that are said to always are " (Phil. 16c9), namely the ideas, derive from the one and the many (ἐξ ἑνὸς καὶ πολλῶν, Phil. 16c9), and for this reason have connatured (σύμφυτον, Phil. 16c10) in themselves a finite element and another unlimited (πέρας καὶ ἀπειρίαν, Phil. 16c10). To act on the background of such a doctrine there is the reason for the interweaving between the ideas. In fact, the notion of multiplicity to which Plato alludes cannot in any way be of a fisicistica nature, since this would entail the fragmentation of ideas by their own instances, and the consequent loss of their unity. A similar multiplicity takes place rather as a result of the complex system of intra-eidetiche relations in which each idea is to be inserted. In the course of the analysis, the most interesting thing to prove will be that the unity of each idea is not compromised by the internal articulation, and therefore by the multiplicity that it presents. For Plato, ideas constitute Enadi or monads, that is, absolute and indivisible ontological units. However, the ideas are also manifold, since each of them has a complex structure, which constitutes the οὐσία and that is the task of dialectics to unravel and reproduce in the speech. ... [edited by Author]