Pensiero e linguaggio dell'essere nel Commentario di Giovanni Filopono alle categorie di Aristotele. Introduzione, testo, traduzione e commento

Abstract

This work’s goal is not only to detect the originality of the philoponian Commentary on Aristotle’s Categories, but also to show that logic is an autonomous discipline which studies the reality of being as practical and theoretical sciences do. First of all I proposed the text of the Commentary according to Busse’s edition of 1898, introduced by an editorial note, explaining that the text published has been followed faithfully, except for some interventions reported in footnotes, interventions flowing from the critical apparatus of Busse himself or aiming to correct typographical errors and oversights. The translation’s goal is mainly to prepare the ground for its detailed exegesis. The text’s reading shows that Philoponus’ In Categorias is a personal elaboration of the scholastic tradition in the light of the Commentator’s methodical brilliance, that stands out from Ammonius for theoretical breadth and depth, as well as for accuracy of certain considerations. Categories are shown not only as a logical text but also as a systematic tool of great importance. Philoponus shows that all disciplines, theoretical and practical, are closely related to logic, by which philosophers discern truth from falsehood and right from wrong. This thesis allow you to observe carefully in Philoponus’s treaty all interdisciplinary relationships, digressions and theoretical insights in support of this theory. The study of pre-propositional logic has as object simple beings signified by simple words through simple thoughts: homological correspondence between these three planes of reality is the foundation of Aristotle’s philosophy and of Philoponus’ recovery. Aristotle, this is clear from the Commentary, was, according to Philoponus, a platonic, among the best disciples of the Master. [edited by Author]